Numerically controlled machine tool

ABSTRACT

A digital processing system is disclosed including manual controls to specify a process (step-by-step) and responsive means to execute the process and formulate an operating program of the process. The controls are related to the steps of the process and coding techniques are unnecessary. Signal generators provide digital signals responsive to the manual controls, which signals control a machine tool (in the disclosed embodiment) and are provided in a suitable form for recording. The system may be controlled to delay recording until the propriety of a step is verified by its performance. Means are included for predicting and accomplishing dimensions on the basis of various simple specifications, as for generating arcs and multiple dimension motions with allowance for tool diameter. On completion of a recorded program of operations, the system is operable under such control.

United States P atent 11 1 Anderson et al.

[ Jan. 1, 1974 [54] NUMERICALLYVCONTROLLEI) MACHINE 3,172,026 3/1965 Sch uman 318/569 x TOOL 3,400,314 9/1968 Wilson 235/15111 ux 3,525,917 8/1970v Leenh'outs.... 318/570 75 Inventors: William T. Anderson, Arlington 3,450,865 6/1969 Peras 235/151.1l x Heights, 111.; Robert A. Wallace, Jr., 3,259,957 7/1966 Stobbe 235/151.l1 UX Hacienda Heights, Calif. 3,689,892 9/1972 Glenn et a1. 318/568 Assignee: DoAll Company, Des Plaines, 111. Filed: Aug. 13, 1971 Appl. No.: 171,503

Primary ExaminerEugene G. Botz Assistant Examiner-Jerry Smith Attorney-Ronald L. Engel et a1.

[57] ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Apphcauon Prmmy Data A digital processing system is disclosed including man- Aug. 17, 1970 Great Britain 39,500/70 ua] Controls to Specify a process (step by step) and sponsive means to execute the process and formulate [52] US. Cl 235/15l.11, 318/568, 318/570, an Operating program of the process The Controls are 318/573 related to the steps of the process and coding tech- [51 Int. Cl. G06f 15/46 niques are unnecessary, Signal generators provide dig- [58] Field of Search 235/l51.11, 150.31, ital Signals responsive to the manual controls which 235/1529 318/567-5701 573*574; 90/115 signals control a machine tool (in the disclosed em- 13 1321 bodiment) and are provided in a suitable'form for recording. The system may be controlled to delay re- [56] References C'ted cording until the propriety of a step is verified by its UNITED STATES PATENTS performance. Means are included for predicting and 3,072,833 l/l963 Kerr et a1 318/568 pl ng dimensions on the basis f various im- 3,473,l57 10/1969 Little et a1. 318/568 X ple specifications, as for generating arcs and multiple 3,578,959 5/1971 Perkins et al. 235/152 dimension motions with allowance for tool diameter, FltZnel' X Onompletion of a recorded program of operations 3,189,805 6/1965 Poepsel et a1 318/574 the system is ope-table under Such commL 3,449,554 6/1969 Kelling 1. 318/568 X 3,524,049 8/1970 Giitz et a1. 235/152 X 5 Claims, 18 Drawing Figures 1 DATA 7 l RosmON/ 1 INPUT PANEUS) l COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM v1: LOClTY 1 (see Orr/111W) GENERATOR 1 4 7 l \20 L 2 \IS 1 i V m" I 1 MlsOCONTROL L MULTIPLEXER/ it SE ;gxsgs: CORE, SOLENOIDS CN 1 DEMULTIPLEXER 1 OUTPUT UNIT 1 STORAGE AXAYAZ 1 6 I l 8 10 lZ 1 l \X-,(.( A i v i LZ l l Axls SERVO DATA I CONTROLLER g 1 RECORDER/ 1 AYAYAZ I CONTROLLER READER l 1 PATENTEDJM H974 3783253 SHEET [NUT 10 LEFT/ RIGHT FRONT/BACK UP /DOWN MD OQOOOO A OQOOOO i OQOOOO MODE EMERGSTOP OFF-ON PUMP TAPE PREP COOLANT MAN. AUTO 0 OFF ON MTST FLOOD AUTOMATIC CONTROL PAPT COMPLETE ONE BY REM/IND START CONT l P STEP N3 PASS FEEg OvliRRlDE OPERATION TEsT STOP v OVER- RAPID FEED PTDE FEED TRAV. H105 DPA'WBAR TOOL SET-UP SET RELEASE TOQLNUMBER TOO DTAMETER Egg CHANGE z o I r w I I L TOOL SET vERT FIRST NEXT LAST TOOL TOOL TOOL MANUAL CONTROL. HOQTZ. FEED lNCH/MTN. SADDLE TABLE SPINDLE SPINDLBRPM 7 SPINDLE VERT. FEED TNCH/REV, REV FWD.

FEED SLOW FAST Egg v |-vEN oRs FIG. TAZiZZzam TATZdEIS'DZT R D b 91% A1475 ZZBCEHJI'L ATTOREY PATENTEDJAN 1 I974 SHEEI 05 UP 10 W Uru PATENTEUJAN 1 I974 SHKEI OSBF 1O NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINE TOOL FIELD OF THE INVENTION.

The invention relates to a digital machine that can be manually controlled to operate without the use of a special programming language and subsequently controlled by a program that is generated during the manually-controlled operation.

DESCRIPTION OFTI-IE PRIOR ART Numerically controlled machine tools have enabled the production of workpieces in any desired quantity and at ideal uniform rates without requiring constant attendance by machine operators, or jigs and similar tooling, thereby: increasing the speed of production on a single machine, enabling a single operator to attend several machines, and reducing the cost per machined workpiece.

Typically with such systems, the designer initially prepares a drawing of the workpiece which is turned over to a programmer. The programmer then determines the machine operations and conditions necessary. to machine the workpiece as defined by the drawing. Next, he utilizes appropriate codes to specify each of the required motions and functions in a program of operationfor the machine tool. Because there are many lengthy terms in the typical codes, it may be necessary for the programmer to consult a code list in formulating the program. He must also anticipate any problems that might arise that are not indicated on the blueprint, as for example, avoiding raised sections of any holding fixture that otherwise would block the traverse of a tool.

Conventionally, after a set of code terms (program) has been prepared, a tape is punched (either manually or through a computer-controlled tape punch) for communicating the desired machining parameters. The tape is then tested by using it to control a numerically controllable machine. If the machine is not accordingly controlled to operate as intended, the programmer must edit and correct the codes. The test operation must then be repeated.

Conventionally, the program (set of code terms) in all its complexity, isnormally beyond the comprehension of the machine operator. This situation is exemplary of many involving the use of programming techniques and computer languages in association with digi- -tal computers, machine control systems and data processing units. I

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In an exemplary form, the present invention provides a control system for use in cooperation with a machine tool (having a cutter and a work support) for controlling the machine-tool movements to generate desired shapes. Manual controls are provided to specify the various machine movements and functions. In an embodiment hereof, a machinist of ordinary skill can examine a part print and operate the system controls to command the machine movements and functions necessary to produce the part while compiling a record of such movements and functions for subsequently directing the machine through a similar pattern. The control system (responsive to manually-activated switches) generates signal-represented digital information specifying motions and functions for predicting the desired dimensions. Included is the capability of defining operations (linear and non-linear) requiring simultaneous relative movement along at least two axes of the workpiece. Circular cuts can be simply specified and executed.

In one embodiment, the digital signals are temporarily stored while a computer in the system calculates the geometrical forms and magnitudes of motion to accomplish the specified machining operations. When the calculations are completed, the results then control the machine to perform machining operations. If the operation is verified to be correct a recording system makes a permanent record of the digital signals, storing this information in a long-term or permanent fashion e.g. on magnetic tape. The recorded information can then be used to duplicate the recorded operations on a fresh workpiece. As indicated, the recording system is manually controlled to allow the recording operation to be deferred until a machine tool operation has been completed and its function verified.

In the illustrative embodiment, laser interferometer systems detect changes in position between the tool and the workpiece along three axes. Specifically, counters are used to count interference fringes translated to inches to provide the computer with highlyaccurate and continuous position information. The values contained in these counters are compared to the commanded positions to thereby generatemovement signals. The computer also generates velocity signals which control relative velocities.

In general, the term computer is used herein to specify an element of the combination comprising the present invention. In that regard, a general purpose computer may be programmed as well known in the prior art, or specialpurpose units may be primarily hard wired. In the illustrated embodiment, the computer is a single element. It should be appreciated, however, that the functions performed centrally may be distributed and performed, in an alternative embodiment, by modified forms of the several supporting elements comprising the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a system in accordance with the present invention; 1

FIG. 2 is a. block diagram of the system of FIG. 1, presenting elements in somewhat greater functional detail;

FIG. 2a is a front view of an exemplary structure embodied in the system as represented in FIG. 2;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a control panel embodied in the system of FIG. 1, for controlling the production of a desired part and recording that production as a control program;

FIG. 4 is a front viewof a control panel embodied in the system of FIG. 1, primarily for manual control apart from program development;

FIG. 5 is a block and schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 1 in still greater detail;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a component part of the system as represented in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a rectangular-coordinate diagram illustrative of an operation of the system as represented in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7a is an enlarged fragment of the diagram of FIG. 7;

FIG. ,8 is a block diagram of another component part of the system as represented in FIG. 5; V

FIG. 9 is a rectangular-coordinate diagram illustrative of another operation of the system as represented in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of still another component of the system as represented in FIG. 5;

FIG. 11 is a rectangular-coordinate diagram illustrative of still another operation of the system as represented in FIG. 5;

FIG. 11a is an enlarged fragment of the diagram of FIG. 11;

FIG. 11b is a diagram illustrative of the operation of a sub-system of the structure of FIG. 5;

FIG. 12 is a diagram of a part print such as might be produced by a draftsman to specify a desired machined part for production by the system hereof;

FIG. 13 is a diagram of the part of FIG. 12, illustrative of the formation of the desired part by the system hereof;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view through the structure of FIG. 13, on the plane of the line ll4-14; and

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an. alternate embodiment of the system hereof.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring initially to FIG. 1, there is shown a machine tool unit T which is incorporated in an embodiment of the present system to accomplish desired machining of workpieces. Of course, the machine tool unit T may take anyof a variety of different forms; however, as illustratively described herein, and as utilized in an operating embodiment, the unit T is a three-axis milling machine incorporating an automatic tool changer G.

The machine tool unit T may be controlled by manual-input panels MR and MD or alternatively, control may be provided from a recording unit R. Some of the control operations are accomodated through a computer C, which, as schematically depicted in FIG. 1, includes a temporary storage register, a multiplex unit, code generator, decoding matrix, a standard computer unit and the drive means for the unit T.

The manual control panels MR and MD may be operated in the first instance to control the machine tool unit T to. perform operations (through the computer C) that will produce adesired workpiece W and accomplish a record of the operations (program) in the combination recording and reading unit R. Subsequently, that record may be used repeatedly to duplicate thedesired workpiece W with very-limited manual supervision of the system.

The machine tool unit T as illustrated, includes a saddle Y which in turn supports a table X carrying the workpiece W. The table X and the saddle Y move perpendicularly in parallel planes while a spindle Z moves perpendicular to those planes, defining the third axis of operation. The spindle Z is revolved to drive a tool (not shown) so as to accomplish the desired cuts in the workpiece W upon relative motion between the workpiece and the spindle Z. I

The instant positions of the machine-tool elements (saddle Y, table X and spindle Z) are sensed continuously by a sensor system S which may take the form of three laser interferometers cooperatively associated with counters. Thus, sets of digital signals AZ, AX and AY (indicative, respectively, of the actual displacement for the spindle Z, the table X and the saddle Y from reference positions) are provided through similarly identified cables to the computer C. Specifically, the computer C receives sets of digital signals (binary code words) AY, AX and AZ, indicative, respectively, of: the actual table position, the actual saddle position and the actual spindle position.

The signal-represented information indicative of actual positions of the machine-tool elements (signal sets AY, AX and AZ) is utilized in combination with various digital input signals IN (supplied through a cable from the manual input panel MR to the computer C) to develop signals that designate the desired positions for the elements in incremental steps. Specifically, signal sets DY, DX and DZ (developed in the computer C) indicate the final desired positions of the table X, the saddle Y and the spindle Z, respectively in a motion. The computer, as depicted in FIG. 1, considers the actual-position signals AY, AX and AZ and the desired final-position signals DY, DX and DZ, to accomplish specific interim analog command signals CX, CY and CZ.

The analog signals CX, CY and CZ are supplied to the machine tool unit T to command the incremental movements, respectively, of the table X, the saddle Y and the spindle Z. In the illustrative embodiment, the machine tool unit T includes hydraulic actuators that are controlled in accordance with the signals CY, CX and CZ to accomplish the desired motions, and in turn the desired machine cuts. I

In addition to motion patterns by the machine tool unit T, several other operationsmay be performed. That is, some signal IN command signals CA which specify several auxiliary operations that are not directly related to motion patterns between the spindle Z and the workpiece W. For example, signals CA may be developed to command such functions as: changing the tool carried by the spindle Z, commanding changes in the type and timing of cutting fluid, specifying spindle direction-of-rotation, and'so on. These operations may or may not require significant operation of the computer C, as considered indetail below.

Pursuing the operation of the system of FIG. 1 somewhat further, the operator (machinist) controls the machine tool unit T, by actuating switches (step-by-step) on the manual input panels MR and MD to accomplish signals IN that may be processed in the computer C to provide signals CX, CY, CZ and CA to specify the desired operations, as cuts in the workpiece W. As each geometric segment or segments and operation is performed, the propriety of the instruction is verified by checking the results of the physical cut or other operation that was made and the operator may then actuate the recording unit R to record signals representative of his instruction. Accordingly, the sequence of individual instructions that produce the desired machining of the workpiece W in a step-by-step fashion are formulated as a record.

Subsequently, during automatic mode operation, with very-limited attention from the operator, the recording unit R functioning as a reading unit provides digital signals to the computer C which again provides the command signals CX, CZ, CY and CA to drive the machine tool unit T through the previously defined sequence of operations required to effect the desired machining. It is to be noted that while the manual input panel MR is used primarily during recording, the manual input panel MD serves also to afford the operator continued and auxiliary control-primarily emergencies and overridesof the machine tool unit T while under the control of the recording-reading unit R.

As indicated, numerical control of machine tools is well known in the prior art and is in widespread use. However, also as explained above, conventional numerical control systems have required the combined efforts of several specialists. With this invention, the

sequence of events differs to a considerable extent. The trained machinist simply operates the machine tool unit T (through the controls afforded by the manual input panels MR and MD) to effect the desired machining of the workpiece W. The computer C functions not only to assist the machinist in effecting particular operations but also prepares a signal format which is recorded by the recording unit R, which subsequently controls the machine tool unit T.

Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 2a, the structural form of the illustrative embodiment will now be considered in somewhat greater detail with a somewhat-different division into functional blocks than described above. The data input panels MR and MD are represented by a single data block (atypical portion of which is illustrated in FIG. 2a) which includes a pair of manually operated input push buttons 3 and 5, a pair of digital numerical-value input units 7 and 9 and a pair of indicating lights 11 and 13. Although only two push button units, two numerical input units and two indicating lights are illustrated representatively in FIG. 2a, such structures are repeatedly duplicated: in the overall system as disclosed below.

A controller 22 (dashed line) which may comprise a general purpose computer along with a magnetic tape recorder-reader, is connected to receive the signalrepresented data and commands from the manual input data block 2, i.e. signals IN. The control paths in the controller 22 are shown in heavy lines while data paths and data-control paths are shown as light lines. A bidirectional multiplexer 8 (within the controller 22) is connected to communicate between the various manual inputs (FIG. 2a), the controls, and the computing portion of the data controller 22, as well known in the art. Thus, the switch elements in the input data block 2 are continuously scanned through the multiplexer 8, under control of the computer control system 20. Accordingly, data is passed from the multiplexer 8 through an input-output unit 10 to the computer arithmetic unit 12 and to the core storage 16. In one case, for example, when the controller 22 receives signals IN, a miscellaneous operation may be commanded, e.g. reverse direction of spindle rotation. The signals are recorded in the core storage 16 and actuate the necessary control solenoids 4, returning a signal LA to illuminate a certain light, 11 or 13. Subsequently, the signal identifying the operation is transferred from the core storage 16 to a permanent record by the data recorderreader 14.

If a motion, as by the table X, is commanded, a set of signals DX (desired table position) is developed. Signals AX (actual table position) are sensed by the generator 18. Then the difference between the positions represented by such signals on a linear scale is interpreted as a command to the axis servo-controller 6 which controls the machine tool unit T. Such commands are formulatedas control signals CX to provide the desired movement, as for a machining operation.

The movementcommanding signals are developed from the original command as manually specified. In

accordance herewith, the original command may be recorded, or developed signals may be recorded, depending upon the specific embodiment utilized.

After a machining operation has been satisfactorily completed, the assembled data in core storage 16 is transferred to the data.recorder-reader 14 which may take the form of various serial recorders such as magnetic tape units, card punches, and so on. Thus, the data inputs from the panels 2 are processed, control the solenoids 4 and the servo-controller 6, and are representatively recorded by the recorder 14.

In FIGS. 2 and 2a, the manual controls are exemplitied in an extremely simple form to facilitate presentation of the total system. In an operative embodiment 7 hereof, the manual controls will normally be expanded substantially from those of FIGS. 2 and 2a. The manual controls for one operating embodiment, which has been found well-suited for use by machinists of ordinary skill, are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Specifically, FIG. 3 shows the front face of the data input panel MR (FIG. 1) while FIG. 4 shows panel MD. Generally, two types of manual-input controls are provided. Thumbwheel digital switches are employed to enter numerical data, and push button switches serve to enter singlestate data e.g. command pulses and binary, trinary or other state data.

The thumbwheel switches as described herein may comprise rotary structures as well known in the prior art for indicating several stages of decimal numbers. The structure of the switches includes contacts for providing signals representative of indicated numbers, which signals may be provided as, or converted to binary digial form as well known in the art. Accordingly, signals provided from thumbwheel switches as designated below are to be understood to take the form of signal-represented binary digital code words.

The individual controls'will now be considered and the signal representations provided therefrom will be identified. It is here noteworthy that the signal designations are summarized in a table concluding this description and are also indexed in alphabetical order along with all the other signals at the conclusion of this specification.

The first column of control switches as shown in FIG. 3 is labelled TOOL SET-UP? as is the lower middle section of control panel MD shown in FIG. 4. Those portions of these control units which appear on both panels MR and MD have been omitted in FIG. 3 for simplicity. These units include thumbwheel switches designated TOOL NUMBER by which the different tools can be selected, and three push button switches designated, FIRST TOOL, NEXT TOOL and 163,267, filed July 16, 1971, invented by William T.

Anderson, and assigned to the same assignee as the present application.

In the operation of the system each tool within an inventory is assigned a code number to enable selection of tools by actuation of the thumb wheel switch "TOOL NUMBER." The critical dimensions of the inventoried tools are registered in the system and are necessary for computing motion patterns as will be described hereinafter. The tool changer functions to change the tool in the spindle, on command, through the production of code signals. The code signal FT represents the first tool routine, the code signal NT represents the'routine for the next tool and that of all succeeding tools except for the last tool which is represented by the code signal LT, and the code signal TN represents the selected tool. To accomplish a change in tools, the CHANGE TOOL switch is momentarily actuated, providing a signal CTN.

Below the tool changing controls of panel MR shown in FIG. 3, a spindle FWD switch and a spindle REV switch are provided to establish the tool rotation direction. These switches comprise a binary, the state of which is manifest by a pair of inverted binary signals SF and SR. Somewhat similarly, coolant ON and coolant OFF switchescontrol the application of coolant to the workpiece, as for certain hightemperature machining operations. These switches also provide a binary, manifesting the inverted signals CN and CF.

In the column labelled OPERATION in FIG. 3, all seven switches are mutually exclusive. Three switches under DRILL" and the four switches under BORE are provided to select one of seven possible operating states. Thus, these switches are a part of a septet defining seven binary signals, any one of which may exclusively command a-selected operation. The DRILL operations include: rapid return, dwell and tap, represented respectively by the signals: RR, DW and TAP. The switches for selecting each of these states are labelled: RAPID RETURN'and DWELL for drilling; and TAP for tapping. In drilling operations the selected choice will cause the drill either to: return from a finished hole; remain in the hole briefly before returning (to clear the hole of cuttings) and in tapping, there is no dwell, but instead an immediate reverse and return along the entry path to avoid injury to threads that were cut.

Two of the four switches in the same column under the designation BORE are FEED-OUT and RAPID-OUT which are used in controlling the Z motion of the spindle. Specifically in boring operations commands maybe entered to cause the tool either to feed out along the entry path or to come out rapidly. This alternative is indicated by inverted binary signals F0 and R0. In the same section, the switch labelled 6 MILL is used to set the spindle for milling operations while the switch labelled RAPID TRAVEL serves to cause rapid traverse between the tool and workpiece. The signals associated with these switches are designated MLL and RT respectively. Another switch labelled INSPECT STOP is used to provide a signal DL for recording a command to cause the recordcontrolled operations to pause at preset points for inspection.

In that section of the panel MR (FIG. 3), labelled SPEED AND FEED, a thumbwheel switch labelled SPINDLE RPM" is used to specify the number of rotations per minute of the spindle. The numerical signal provided from the SPINDLE RPM thumbwheel switch is designated SS.

Also in the SPEED AND FEED section, a pair of thumbwheel switches labelled VERT FEED IN/REV" and THREADS/INCH are used to set the vertical feed rate of the spindle in terms of inches per revolution or threads per inch. These switches, as indicated above, provide binary code signals representing commands which are designated VF and TI respectively.

A thumbwheel switch labelled CUT DEPTH provides code word signals CH which establish the depth to which the spindle-operated tool cuts the workpiece. An adjacent thumbwheel switch labelled VERTICAL RAPID POINT" (forming a code word signal VR) and two associated switches UP and DOWN" (binary signals TU and TD) are used to raise or lower, by the indicated amount, the threshhold elevation at which the spindle-operated tool ends and begins its rapid vertical feed. A thumbwheel switch labelled HORIZON- TAL FEED IN/MIN provides code-word signals HF, used to control the rate of movement of the workpiece in the horizontal plane.

In the next column labelled TOOL DIRECTION there are eight push button switches PBll through P38, each representing the cutting tool and each having adjacent thereto a diagramatic illustration of position relationship between the tool and the workpiece. These push button switches, together with stored data on the diameter of the cutting tool in use, control thecenterline position of the tool so as to position it either to the left or the right of the defined workpiece profile or for centerline geometry. These switches also control the stopping position of the tool centerline with respect to the desired workpiece profile, as for instance in traversing inside corners, tangents, and outside corners.

The mutually exclusive signals which result from actuation of the eight push button switches are respectively designated TLI, TLT, TLO, TCI, TCT, TRI, TRT and TRO.

Below the TOOL POSITION and TOOL TERMI- NATION diagrams are a number of push-button switches identified by reference numerals and labelled with arrows and symbols to indicate directions and coordinate motions, together with switches labelled PART REFERENCE and INCREMENTAL. When the PART REFERENCE switch is depressed, signal PR is formed high to command that all measurements are taken from the original horizontal part reference point. However, when the INCREMENTAL switch is depressed, a negation signal IR is high, commanding all horizontal dimensions to be referenced to the last point from which measurements were taken.

The numbered switches include a tool left switch 40 (signal TL), a tool right switch 42 (signal TR), a tool front switch 44, (signal TF) and a tool back switch 46 (signal TB) to specify the direction of tool movement. A set of interspersed switches is marked with arrows to provide for arcuate control information in each of the rectangular-coordinate quadrants, including a first quadrant arcuate switch 48 (signal 00), a second quadrant arcuate switch 50 (signal SQ), a third quadrant arcuate switch 52 (signal TO) and a fourth quadrant arcuate switch 54 (signal FQ).

Another set of switches in the same panel section which are marked with arrows to provide for angular direction control signals, include a first quadrant angular switch 49 (signal 00), a second quadrant angular switch 51 (signal SQ), a third quadrant angular switch 53 (signal TO) and a fourth quadrant angular switch 55 (signal FQ). An angular direction control switch, when depressed, specifies the quadrant in which angular tool relative movement is to occur.

Still another set of switches numbered 56, 58, 60 and 62 provide for the entry of angular values in degrees in each of the four quadrants. Their signals are respectively OA, SA, TA andFA.

Below the arrow-indicating area, in a region labelled CIRCULAR ONLY, are two switches labelled CCW (i.e. counter clockwise) and CW (i.e. clockwise). These switches are used to provide a pair of inverted binary signals CC and CW, which specify thedirection of circular milling operations.

In the last column, labelled DIMENSION, there are four numerical-input thumbwheel switches, respectively labelled RADIUS/HYPOTENUSE, DE- GREES, TOOL LEFT-RIGHT, and TOOL FRONT-BACK. These thumbwheel switches are used to set in the digital code values of a movement specified for the tool in the directions indicated by the arrowbearing switches as described above. The numerical values provided are manifest by signal sets: RH for radius, DGfor degrees, LR for left or right and F8 for front or back.

In the bottom portion of the last section of the panel, a light marked ERROR is provided for the computer to signal that some error has been made in entering data which makes the operation impossible to be carried out. An adjacent light marked READY is provided to signal that the system is ready to receive another data entry.

A switch marked PANEL CLEAR (signal PA) is depressed to clear the panel of all previous entries. A switch marked OPERATION DELETE" (signal OD) is used to erase from core memory the record of the last operation carried out and to return the tool to its condition at the beginning of the deleted operation. A switch marked OPERATION ENTER (signal OE) is used to cause the record of the previous operation to be taken from core memory and recorded on tape by a data recorder 14. (FIG. 2). A switch labelled PART COM- PLETED (signal PC)-commands an entry to cause the data recorder (such as tape recorder) to return to its starting point.

Of course, various other miscellaneous controls may be provided and incorporated in the panel MR OF FIG.

3, as well known in the prior art. However, the operations and controls therefor as considered above clearly afford a basis which may be expanded to considerable lengths in various embodiments of the present invention, as will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

FIG. 4 illustrates the manual control panel MD for controlling the machine tool unit T manually. It is also used to: enter tool dimension data, perform manual test operations during the preparation of a data record, and initiate tape-controlled operation of the machine. During automatic operation of the machine, the manual control panel MD can be used to override and supplement recorded feed rate commands.

An EMERGENCY STOP switch (signal H) removes all power from the hydraulic power system, the control device, and from the laser interferometers used for distance measurement. It is the panic button. The OFF-ON key switch supplies power to the control device and high-voltage power to the lasers. The PUMP POWER ON" switch supplies electric power to the hydraulic power system. A three-position selector switch, indicating MANUAL, TAPE PREPA- RATION,"'and AUTOMATIC" modes, controls the mode of operation of the system by providing command signals ML, TP and AU. In the MANUAL" mode, the machine is controlled primarily from the panel MD of FIG. 4. In TAPE PREPARATION mode, the machine is basically controlled from the panel MR (FIG. 3) for the machining of a part and the preparation of a record (program) of machine instructions. In the AUTOMATIC mode, the machine is controlled from a combination of four sources, namely the permanent record, e.g. magnetic tape, variable data stored in the core memory of the computer, fixed sequence data in the computer control system, and override inputs from the manual panel MD.

The COOLANT switch panel section includes an OFF switch for turning the coolant off, and an ON switch for turning the coolant on independent of the tape recording, a MIST switch and a FLOOD switch for selecting the type of coolant flow.

The REWIND control (left) rewinds the control tape to the starting point, and causes energization of a signal light for the time during which the tape is rewinding. The adjacent START control, when depressed, causes the machine to begin a tape-controlled operation, and energizes a light during the performance of the operation. The ONE STEP control switch, when pressed, causes this recorded operation to be carried out one step at a time; the CONT control switch causes the operation to proceed continuously to perform all operations defined on the tape.

'An INSP" lamp indicates a potential inspection stop. The BYPASS switch, when pressed causes the system to ignore the recorded inspection stop code. The PART COMPLETE lamp, when on, indicates that the recorded program of operations has been completed. The STOP FEED switch, when pressed, immediately halts all three slide motions.

The FEED OVERRIDE control is used to supplement the recorded feed rate and causes the recorded feed rate to be changed by the percentage shown on the FEED OVERRIDE PERCENT" control. The FEED control switch re-establishes the recorded feed program.

The two OPERATION TEST switches: RAPID TRAVERSE and FEEDS allow testing of operations which have been set up on the tape preparation panel.

The DRAWBAR RELEASE (left) switch functions only in the manual mode of operation and, when pressed, facilitates manual placement or removal of a tool in the spindle when the system is in certain modes.

The TOOL SET-UP sections of the panels are used to set up and store information concerning the various tools in the memory of the computer to allow automatic compensation for the length and radius of each tool. The FIRST TOOL switch in conjunction with the adjacent thumbwheel switch specifies the first tool to be placed in the spindle, the NEXT TOOL switch also in conjunction with the same thumbwheel switches specifies the tool to be removed from the tool changer and held in the tool ready position of the transfer mechanism of the tool changer, in which position the tool is close to the spindle so as to minimize the time required for the tool change, and the LASTTOOU switch in conjunction with the thumbwheel switch specifies the last tool to be used and also initiates the total machine shut-down" procedure. The TOOL DIAMETER thumbwheel switches are used to identify the diameter of the tool placed in the spindle for use in radius off-set correction of cutting paths. The diameter information is only needed for milling cutters. The CHANGE TOOL" switch is used to initiate the next tool change.

In the same section, the TOOL SET switch, along with the SPINDLE UP and DOWN switches in the MANUAL CONTROL section of the panel MR (FIG. 4), are used to enter into the memory of the computer the data concerning the length of a tool in the spindle. Actuation of the TOOL SET switch also enters the diameter of the tool, as specified by the TOOL DIAM- ETER" switches into the core memory.

Under SET PART REF" the I-IORIZ" switch is used to relocate the zero of the machine measuring system to coincide with the starting point of the blueprint dimension of the workpiece; and to clear the back-front and left-right readout devices (shown at the top of FIG. 4) associated with the horizontal adjustment of the table. The VERT switch is similarly used to establish the vertical part reference point.

The MANUAL CONTROL section of the panel is operational only in the manual mode and allows manually controlled positioning and machining; accordingly, these controls along with many other controls that serve only to control the machine tool unit T are well known in the art, and are only ancillary to the basic system hereof. The HORIZONTAL FEED INCH/MIN thumbwheel switch defines the desired rate of movement (feed rate) in inches per minute. The VERTI- CAL FEED INCH/REV thumbwheel switch defines the desired vertical feed rate in inches per revolution. SADDLE, TABLE" and SPINDLE switches are provided to define axes and directions of travel. Back and forward, left" and right, and up and down switches are provided and marked by arrows to effect movement in each of two directions on each of three axes. The FEED switch, when depressed, and held in conjunction with one of the aforesaid six recited controls, i.e. the saddle, table or spindle switches, causes movement of the table and/or spindle head at the preset feed rate. The SLOW switch, when pressed and held in conjunction with one of the six recited controls, causes movement of the table and- /or spindle head at about one inch per minute. The FAST switch, when pressed and held in conjunction with one of the six recited controls, effects such movement at about 200 inches per minute. If any one of the six recited controls-is pressed without also using the FEED, SLOW or FAST controls, the movement is caused to jog in increments of 0.001 inch.

The SPINDLE RPM thumbwheel switches are used to preset the rotations per minute of the spindle in the MANUAL mode. The FWD switch, when pressed, causes the spindle to rotate in the forward (clockwise) direction at the preset spindle speed. The REV switch, when pressed, causes the spindle to rotate in the reverse direction at the preset speed. The STOP control, when pressed, stops the spindle rotation.

Actuation of the switches on panel MD, (FIG. 4) generally effects immediate response, e. g. movement of the table, saddle or spindle head. Conversely, the switches on the control panel. MR are generally for the purpose of providing signals which: (I) command a machine operation and (2) can be recorded to duplicate the commanded machine operation. The control of machine tools, as well as a multitude of other mechanical structures, by switching devices is well known and in widespread use. Accordingly, the detailed de scription herein generally is limited to those components and sub-systems that are not well-known or readily apparent to persons skilled in the art. Thedetailed description is, therefore, primarily directed to the structures related to the control panel MR.

The switch structures as described above with reference to the panel MR (FIG. 3) incorporate digital signal apparatus. Specifically, the switch units include: 1) pulse or trigger devices to simply command a single operation or change of state (e.g. change tool); (2) multiple-state structures which uniquely specify one of a set of possibilities (e.g. coolant on or coolant off); and (3) numerical input switching devices (thumbwheel switches) which provide digital signals indicative of numerical values (e.g. spindle RPM).

It is to be noted that the signals provided from each of the various types of switching units are reduced to a binary code format, e.g. a single binary signal, or groups of binary bits (parallel, as eight) to be recorded and for specifying control of the machine tool. That is, generally, each element of intelligence provided from the switching panel which may be recorded, is reduced to a binary word which may be recorded in that form, as an element of an operating program and which is decoded to command an operation or instruction to the machine tool unit T, and/or the tool changer G.

A table of the command signals IN, formed by the switches and switching structures considered above is set forth below along with designations and the operations commanded. The signals are also classified by types either as: S1 (a command signal attained by a momentarily depressed button); S2 (two interrelated binary signals, a single one of which is invariably high, two command possibilities); S3 (a binary signal, which changes state or level upon each depression of a switch button); S4 (two binary signals providing three command possibilities-both off, one on, another on); S5 (trinary-three binary signals, each exclusive of the other with only one high at any time); S6 (four binary signals, whereby none or only one of which may be high at any time); S7 (command Signals provided by a depressed button to select three-bit binary code word); S8 (command signal for three-bit code word, sustained after selection); S9 (code word representative of a number); and S10 (eight binary signals, whereby none or only one of which may be high at any time). Interrelated groups of signals are grouped together.

withdrawal of drill from a hole Dwell Tap Feed Out Rapid Out Mill Rapid Travel Left Offset/inside (FBI) Left Offset/Tangent (P82) Left Offset/Outside (P83) Center Line/inside (P84) Center Line/Outside (PBS) Right Offset/inside (PB6) Right Offset/Tangent (P87) Right Offset/Outside (PBS) Incremental Part Reference Switch 40 Switch 42 Switch 44 Switch 46 Switch 48 and 49 Switch 50 and TAP" MLL

SS VF Tl CH VR TLI TLT

TLO

TCl

TCT

TRl

TRT

TRO

TBS

Commands a brief dwell time in a drilled hole Commands reverse turning withdrawal from a hole Commands spindle to 5 feed out along the entry path Commands rapid tool withdrawal Sets spindle for milling operations Commands rapid 0 travel between spindle and workpiece Commands stopping point Spindle speed Vertical feed rate 1 5 Threads specified per inch of vertical travel Determines depth of out Change rapid traverse to feed threshhold Rapid traverse feed threshhold up Rapid traverse feed threshhold down Horizontal feed rate Commands tool travel on left side of work profile and terminates inside Commands tool travel on left side of work profile and terminates tangent Commands tool travel on left side of work profile and terminates outside Commands tool travel on its center line and terminates inside Commands tool travel on its center line and terminates tangent.

Commands tool travel on right side of work profile and terminates inside Commands tool travel on right side of work profile and terminates tangent Commands tool travel on right side of work profile and terminates outside Measurements from previous end point Measurements from starting point Commands tool to move to left (per digital value) Commands tool to move to right (per digital value) Commands tool to move front (per digital value) Commands tool to move back (per digital value) Commands radial or arcuate motion in first quadrant (per digital value) Commands radial or arcuate motion in second quadrant (per digital value) Switch 52 and 53 TO S6 Commands radial or arcuate motion in third quadrant (per digital value) Commands radial or arcuate motion in fourth quadrant (per digital value) Commands angular control (per digital value) in first quadrant Commands angular control (per digital value) in second quadrant Commands angular control (per digital value) in third quadrant Commands angular control (per digital value) in fourth quadrant Commands counter-clockwise arc Commands clockwise arc Radius of arc Degrees of arc Extent of tool movement Extent of tool movement Clears entire MR panel Cancels entries before recording and returns to directly previous condition Commands recording and resets tool direction portion of MR panel Commandsend of recording and rewinds tape to starting point Halts all operation Commands manual operation Commands tape prepare operation Commands automatic operation Specifies tool diameter Switch 54 and 55 PO S6 Switch 56 OA 86 Switch 58. SA S6 Switch 60 TA S6 Switch 62 FA S6 CCW CC S7 CW CW 87 Radius/HYP RH S9 Degrees DG S9 Left-Right LR S9 Front-Back FB S9 Panel Clear PA 81 Operation Delete OD S7 Operation Enter OE S7 Part Completed PC S7 Emergency Stop H S1 Manual ML S5 Tape Preparation TP S5 Automatic AU S5 Tool Diameter Dl S9 Some examples of specific consideration will completely explain the format of signals as identified in-the above chart. As indicated, the push-button switch commanding a change of tool CHANGE TOOL produces a signal CTN which may be classified as S1 because it merely commands a simple operation by the machine tool unit T. Of course, it is to be appreciated that various signals are registered to be incorporated in a recorded program; however, insofar as control operations are concerned these signals simply command a change.

The switches COOLANT ON and COOLANT OFF are employed to provide the binary signals CN and CF (type S2,) respectively, one of which is invariably high while the other is low. Thus, the two signals may be considered a true binary signal and its negation. If the signal CN is high, the signal CF is low.

The numeric signals (S9) each comprise a set of binary signals (a binary word) which is indicative of a numerical value. Accordingly, in a decimal format, each decimal stage may be represented, for example, by eight alpha-numeric binary digits,as well known in the prior art. Such signals may take many binary forms.

Reference will now be made to FIG. 5 which is an expanded presentation of the structure shown preliminaridentification numerals are applied to the components of the system of FIG. In that regard, note that the computer unit 120 (FIG. 5) is a distinctly different functional unit than the computer C (FIG. 1) or the controller 22 (FIG. 2).

The manual switch structures for producing the signals identified in the abovechart are embodied within a block 112 (FIG. v5) designated switch structures. During tape-preparation mode (TP high) the switch elements in block 112 are interrogated or scanned by a multiplex unit 114 (through a cable 115) which may take a wide variety of different forms as well knwon in the prior art or may be a programmed general purpose unit. Functionally, the multiplex unit 114 supplies signals indicative of the intelligence represented by the switch structures 112 (in an organized form) to a code generator 1 16 through a cable 1 18. The code generator 116 then provides a unique binary word for each of the data elements as represented by the signals above, providing numerical representations in the same format through lines Ll-L8. Specifically, for example, the signal CT may be represented by an eight-bit binary word:

' 00000001. As another example, the binary interrelated signals SF and SR may be represented by the binary words: 00000111 and 00000011, respectively. Of

course, the number of individual signals provided in the system may be expanded dramatically from those disclosed herein which are merely exemplary, and any of a wide variety of code wordscan be used as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

In addition to digitizing the various command signals, numeric signals (provided by the thumbswitches) are also resolved into code-word format by the code generator 116. Note that the generator may be a programmed unit or hard wired as well known in the prior art. In this structure, any of a variety of well-known binary digital code formatsmay be utilized. For example, a format as set forth below may be adopted to accommodate a substantial number of commands as well as numerical values which are pertinent to such commands.

SIGNALS L8L7L6LSL4L3L2L1 (Digital code) CT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF SR CN -CO NUMBERS 0000 COO 0000 COO 0000 0-00 0000 COO 0000 CD0 O--O l o 3 1 l v In the illustrative system, the code generator 116 provides binary-code output signals to eight parallel lines, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and L8, which lines carry similarly identified binary signals that are provided to: a computer unit 120, a temporary storage unit 122 and a decoding matrix 124. The lines L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and L8essentially comprise busses for transferring the individual signal-represented code words that formulate the program of operations. Accordingly, these lines are also connected to receive output signals from a recording-reading unit 126 for operation during automatic control, when the signal AU is high.

Recapitulating and considering the system in general, the code generator 116 provides binary words during the development of a program signal (TP high) which words are initially contained in the temporary storage unit 122, which may comprise a magnetic-core memory. Somewhat concurrently, the signal-represented binary code words are applied to the decoding matrix 124. If a non-motion operation is commanded, the output signal CA from the matrix 124 is supplied through a cable 128 to a machine tool unit 130. Upon confirmation that the code-word signal CA commands the desired machine-tool function, a signal OE is manually provided and the binary word is transferred from the temporary storage unit 122, through a compound and gate 131 to be recorded by the recording unit 126 as an element of the automatic-control program.

If, distinct from the above situation, the code word manifest by the signals L1 L8 specifies a motion or an adjustment, numeric values follow which are also manifest by code words of signals Ll L8. These sets of signals are rejected by the decoding matrix 124, in favor of the computer unit 120. Such sets of signals provide raw data to the computer unit 120, from which specific command signals IX, IY and IZ (defining incremental positions) are derived and supplied through cables 132, 134 and 136 to actuate motions in the machine tool unit 130. Such computations are described in greater detail below. However, again, providing the code words that command the motions prove to be as desired, they are transferred from the temporary storage unit 122 to the recording unit 126 through the gate 131.

Still, considering the system very generally, during automatic operation (AU high) the recording unit 126 provides the code-word signals on the lines L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and L8 to produce input commands for the computer and the decoding matrix 124 just as described above. Accordingly, the decoding matrix 124 actuates various command operations by the machine tool while the computer 120 provides control signals IZ, IX and IY through cables 132, 134 and 136 to control, respectively, a'drive/measurement spindle unit 138, a table drive/measurement unit 140 and a saddle drive/measurement unit 142. As indicated, these units are connected, respectively, to the spindle Z, the table X and the saddle Y. Thus, the computer unit 120 provides signals to the drive units which produce incremental linear motions of the three-dimensional milling components (spindle, table and saddle). When the motion is complete, the drive/measurement units so indicate by signals MC supplied to the computer.

The computer unit 120 develops sets of signals IX, IY and I2 indicative of each next desired position for each of the machine elements. Thus, incremental movements attain desired paths. Specifically, for example, the computer unit 120 develops binary representations (signals IZ, IX and IY) indicative of the next incremental position for each of: the spindle Z, the table X and the saddle Y. Such signals are provided to the drive units 138, 142 and 140, which include means for sensing the instant or actual position of each of these elements in the form of signal representations AZ, AX and AY. The drive units compare the next incremental positions with the actual positions and accordingly control the movement of the machine tool members to attain coincidence, i.e. desired incremental positions to coincide with actual position.

It is to be noted that in the system a dimensional difference must be recognized between the cutting edge of a tool employed in a profiling mode and the axial center of the tool. For example, such a tool will have a cutting edge at its tangent; however, computation and control herein is basically directed to tool axis. Accordingly, as described in detail below provision must be made for this radial offset.

An understanding of the system may now best be advanced by assuming a stage and considering certain exemplary operations, initially during the tapepreparation mode and subsequently during the automatic-control mode. Accordingly, assume that an operator is machining a workpiece and recording the individual operations of the process to provide a program. Assume further that the process has reached a stage at which a tool change is required. Consequently, the operator actuates the CHANGE TOOL switch to formulate a signal CTN as a pulse which is appliedto the code generator 116 through the multiplex unit 114. The code generator 116 then provides a digital code word, e.g. 00000001 which is temporarily stored in the unit 122 and is decoded by the matrix 124 to provide a signal in one line of the cable 128, commanding the machine tool unit 130 to change the tool.

Upon completion of the tool change operation (described in detail in the aforesaid co-pending Anderson application) the operator may next actuate the OPERATION ENTER switch to produce the signal OE which qualifies the compound and gate 131 to record the binary-word digits Ll L8 on a permanent record by transferringit from the temporary storage unit 122 to the recording/reading unit 126.

Continuing, assume next that the operator desires to set the machine tool unit 130 so that the spindle Z will revolve in the forward direction. Accordingly, he depresses the switch SPINDLE-FWD (FIG. 3) to formulate the binary signal SF high. Thereupon, such a signal is supplied for digital coding by the generator 116 and passed as a similarly identified code word to the temporary storage unit 122. Concurrently, the decoding matrix 124 decodes the binary word (e.g. 00000011) to actuate the machine tool unit 130 (through cable 128) to set the direction-of-rotation for the spindle Z at forward. Subsequently, the operator again performs the switching operation to command the entry of the binary word as a permanent record by operation of the recording/reading unit 126.

Assume next, for example, that the operator desires to command an, actual movement of the machine tool unit elements to accomplish a particular operation. Accordingly, the switch structures 112 are actuated to provide instructions for the operation. For example, the operator might depress left offset/inside switch PB] formulating the signal TLI, the binary equivalent word for which is placed in the computer 120 and the temporary storage unit 122. Such an operation is not decoded by the matrix 124 as it does not specify a simple machine tool instruction for the unit 130.

The operator may also actuate other of the switch structures 112 to command a particular motion pattern. Such commands are also reduced to binary code words (Ll L8) and placed in the computer 120 and the storage unit 122. Finally, the operator specifes the blueprint dimension as a numerical value, which information also is coded as number-representing binary words L1 L8 that are also placed in the computer 120 and the temporary storage unit 122.

Upon receiving the complete information for determining the path to the next end terminal position of the machine-tool elements, the computer 120 performs the requisite computations and provides a series of signalrepresented code words to the drive units. The code words are indicative of the incremental positions for each of the elements (spindle, saddle, table) along the paths for the cut. The code-word signals provided include signals IX, IY, IZ, VX, VY and VZ. The signals IX, IY and IZ appear as a repeated series and define incremental motions to positions along the desired path of travel. The signals VX, VY and VZ specify the velocity of travel.

Again, upon completion of the cut to confirm the propriety of the commands (switch closures) the signals representing the commands are transferred from the temporary storage unit 122 to a permanent record by the recording unit 126. Thus, an entire program is developed instruction-by-instruction. The individual instructions are tested for confirmation and the operator sees a physical form of the product. In the operation of the system, the computer unit develops a sequence of distinct binary timing signals TS, TBC, TE, TCl and TC2.

The address sequence 125 generates address codes represented by signals ADDR, which are connected for application to: the multiplex unit 1 14, the code generator 116, the computer unit 120, the temporary storage unit 122, the decoding matrix 124 and the recording unit 126. The signal ADD'R facilitates the multiplexing (or de-multiplexing) of the information transferred through the lines Ll L8.

While the signal TS is in a high state, an intervalv is manifest during which the system is ready to receive the next manual command from the switch structures 112. During the interval of timing signal TBC, the computer unit 120 senses the code word from the generator 116 to be either: (1) a simple, non-computing command, e.g. reverse direction of spindle rotation or (2) a command requiring computation e.g. indicative of a movement for a cut. If a simpleoperation is commanded, it is executed during the interval of the signal TBC. If a complex command occurs, the signal TBC endures until the computer unit 120 has all the necessary data for computation. At that time, the signal TCl becomes high and computation occurs. That is, the signal TCl is provided from the computer unit 120 during an interval while a computation is in progress to derive the first incremental values of code words IX. IYand IZ. The interval defined by signal TE (concluded by the motion complete signal MC) allows the system to attain values indicated by the signals IX, IY and IZ.

After the execution interval defined by the signal TE, the computer unit 120 either indicates the operation is complete (signal TS) or performs another cycle of computation, as to develop another signal IX. Computation periods after the initial period are. manifest by the signal TC2 being in a high state.

Of course, the computer" unit 120 may vary in complexity depending upon the number and detailed nature of the computations which are to be accomplished. However, exemplary operations and component means for the computer unit 120 are set forth herein to illustrate both linear and non-linear relative movements between the workpiece and the spindle.

After the preparation of a recording (magnetic tape or the like) of the machining program, it may be utilized to form duplicate workpieces with the system in an automatic mode (signal AU). During such a state, the recording unit 126 provides the binary code words 

1. In a system for automating control of a machine tool which includes a movable structure, as for accomplishing cuts on a work piece, and further including auxiliary operation structures, the improvement whereby use of programming codes is obviated and instead shop language inputs are utilized, comprising: manually operable input means bearing self-explanatory indicia representative of the desired relationship between tool center point and the work piece for use in specifying a desired result of operation for the machine tool; means responsive to said input means for generating code signals indicative of commands for both said auxiliary operation structures and displacements for said movable structure; means for recording said code signals; decoding means for actuating auxiliary operation structures of said machine tool in response to certain of said code signals; computer control means for displacing said movable structure automatically in response to certain of said code signals, to account for tool radius in the direction of tool motion and perpendicular to the direction of tool motion in response to other of said code signals; and control means for supplying said code signals to said decoding means and said computer control means selectively from said means for generating code signals and said means for recording to automate a series of operations.
 2. A system according to claim 1 wherein said means for recording said code signals includes a temporary storage means for registering a multitude of tool dimensions represented by certain of said code signals and for registering a series of related blue print dimensions represented by others of said code signals pending operation of said decoding means and said computer control means; a record means for providing a record of said signals; and manual means for controlling said record means to record code siGnals from said temporary storage means.
 3. A system according to claim 1 wherein said computer control means includes means for registering a value representative of the radius of one of said cutting tools, and wherein said computer control means further includes means for displacing said movable structure automatically in response to certain of said code signals thereby moving the tool center point in an arc of radius equal to the radius of the cutting tool.
 4. A system for automating control of a machine tool which tool includes a work piece support, a spindle, and means for moving said spindle in relation to said work piece support and for moving said work piece in relation to said spindle to accomplish machining operations, comprising; means for providing current-position signals indicative of the existing positional relationship between said work piece support and said spindle; manually operable means for providing sets of digital designation signals referenced to said current-position signals for designating a geometric segment having an end point with a desired positional relationship between said work piece support and said spindle; means for recording said sets of digital designation signals; computer means for receiving said current position signals and a series of related blue-print dimensions and computing therefrom designation signals referenced to said current position signals to provide incremental motion control signals definitive of a geometric segment between said existing positional relationship and said desired positional relationship; drive means for actuating said means for moving said machine tool under control of said incremental motion control signals to attain said desired positional relationship between said work piece and said spindle; and control means for providing said digital designation signals to said computer means selectively from said manually operable means and said means for receiving whereby to register a sequence of operations then automate the repetition of that sequence.
 5. A system according to claim 4 wherein said manually-operable means includes input means bearing self-explanatory indicia for providing profile signals definitive of a geometric segment between said existing positional relationship and said desired positional relationship and wherein said computer means receives said profile signals to provide said incremental motion signals, and wherein said computer means receives signals indicative of tool radius for accurately computing corrected incremental motion control signals to define circular and line profiles. 